Devoir d'anglais

bonjour,
j'ai un long devoir d'anglais à rendre avec plusieurs questions. Quelqu'un pourrait il me dire les fautes à corriger. En vous remerciant par avance.

• Part one.
  Summarise the section in French. Comment on the ideas expressed in this article. How do you see language? Is there a causal relationship between language mastery, or education and reasoning, thought? (120 150 words /10%).
  

A Wikipedia version is in simple English, an English with less than thousands words for the children or the adults who are difficulties for learning or not mastering a subject, or doing something else in same time. There are since long time simplified languages as the simple English used in the aeronautics industries or the plain English for US administration or the Global English. Furthermore, the emission “voice of America” is also in simplified English in slow flow. Georges Orwell with novlangue, with his novel 1984, explains how the simplification of a langue aims to reduce the thought. The words are made for express something. All the shade of a meaning can express different feelings. A langue is reflexion of our mind. Langue can spread idea at many people. It can share the history and science. Our knowledge is based on it. If we destroy the words we destroy our world.

• Part two. Do you think brainwashing is a real threat in today's violent world? Argue for or against the notion of 'free will', which underlies the principle of the 'individual'.
  

The brainwashing aims to recondition the “free will” of the “individual” in the order to bring him to do a pre-determined action. We can say we are all under a brainwashing and the problematic is to know if it is a threat in today’s violent word. We can answer with the affirmative by looking in first how work the sects, then how war use it. Finally we will discuss the education role and media in the processes of brainwashing.

First of all, the sects are a threat for individual because their functioning is based on the brainwashing. They use it for bring individual to adhere at an ideology. It‘s easier to watch the brain of a person who is weak but we have also seen social stable people trapped by sects. Therefore it is a physiological process based on mind control. The aim is usually financial because the sects dispossess their devoted, but can also be sometime violent. The solar temple is the concrete example with suicide collective of these members in several countries where this sect was present. We can see the “free will” can be wrecked and lead at extreme situation like death here. We see the process of brainwashing on a little group but it can also apply for a large-scale in the case of totalitarian regime or dictatorial.

Indeed, in totalitarian regime, the brainwashing is often used for the war and always exists in Africa with child soldiers. In the past the Hitler youth regimented the children at the youngest age to inculcate them Nazi doctrine. This manipulation prepared them to combat for party ideas. Therefore we can see the mass brainwashing can bring regimes to erase the “free will” of people in the aim to obtain what we want
from them.

Finally, reaching at the conditions of extreme totalitarian regime or sects, it’s sure that our “free will” is linked at our knowledge of the world, linked itself at our education and at the medias. The education is one wanted by a government through official program and media is often time the reference but we can see more and more superficial emission take the place of news and cultural emission. Then we are more or less directed in our “free will”. Although, we often take for
responsible the media for explain violent behaviour of people. We can go
thought in this discuss and every body is aware for preserve our modern consumer society we need more and more resources in particular with oil and we are ready to accept the war to continue to benefit of our lifestyle. We are all actors and responsible of this violent world.

For conclude, we have seen that the brainwashing can take multiple shapes but for the victims of the brainwash the threat doesn’t exists anymore since they are not aware of this. Does the “free will” really exist? It seems we are linked at our environment.

• Comment on the 1984 excerpt. What is Sym's argument? How does Winston react? Do you think he agrees?
  

This excerpt details what is the eleven edition of the novlangue. It’s an update of the old langue but with the particularly to destroy words. In first hand, we will see how Sym defends the merits of the novlangue and in another hand how Winstom seems to be doubtful.

Sym thinks that the destruction of the words reduce the though. It’s the perfect weapon of the government for fight the crime by thought. We can see he is passionate by his work. His work consists to erase some words of the langue and changes some sense by other. He explains how we can loose the mean of a word. The solution for express an opposite word is to change the word with a negation like good and
“ungood”. He says the word “bad” is not appropriated. Ungood is clear and just the opposite. Following this way he introduces new word like “plusgood or doubleplusgood” corresponding to excellent or splendid. The final langue will contain only one word for these 3 words. When he speaks it’s like this langue is ever official and the old langue is called “Oldspeak”.“Oldspeak” is “vagueness” and “useless shades of meaning”. He is really satisfied when he says “newspeak”, the langue he is writing, is the only one langue where the vocabulary gets smaller every year. He admits this langue aims to “narrow range of thought” and will not allow “thoughtcrime” (a thoughcrime is a thought against government or simply a thought in 1984). By reducing words we will not be able to express a crime so it will be impossible to commit he says. In the future this process will continue for let the “range of consciousness always a
little smaller”. In the future nobody will understand the langue they are
speaking today.

Winston is really doubtful and no enthusiast about changing the langue by destruction words. Winston uses again the “oldspeak”, the langue before newspeak, and proves his lack of motivation for change. Before we ever can see that all subjects seems not interest him. He tries to avoid almost every subject like the event of the war or what the government is doing. He doesn’t go to the hanging that is really show he is not following all this. He realize a little “though crime” when he says he has not blade. The conclusion of Winston let us think he is ready to say something that could be a bigger though crime and it strengthens the vision of someone who really doesn’t believe in the novlangue and in what the government is doing.

In this excerpt we have see how the langue is important to express a thought and how control a langue allows control a mind. We have 2 opposite points of view. One mind is approving the totalitarian regime and he is smart for see how the destruction word reduce the thought and other seems really not enthusiast with all this.

• What problems does this short article raise and how does Tim BernersLee propose to remedy these?
  

This article raises three problems linked at the web. Firstly, we approach the problem of disinformation then we see how the internet access is a problem in some area, finally we will say why the web is not democratic. We will describe the Time Bernars Lee solutions for these problems.

The first problem is the disinformation on the web. Sir Tim wants to propose a trustworthiness web and for this he proposes a labelling which could insure the sources are reliable. The simple ratio we can find usually is not enough for a web branding. He prefers opinions of different organisations which could define these labels.

The second problem is the internet access in rural zone and also in Africa because classical infrastructure doesn’t exist. He brings the solution with his Foundation which aims to develop the same services
but with the mobile phone.

The third problem is the no democratic web. His Foundation will see in the future how bring easy access for people who cannot read or write and also how the web can stay neutral and forbid personal interest of private company.

This article has approached three problems and gives the solutions of Tim Bernard Lee for help people to have a better web.

• Comment on any issue you find interesting here. (150 words ou 10%)
  

There are several aspects at the problem of disinformation. First of all, I will explain how disinformation can be widespread. Secondly I will show how we can use disinformation for change the reality.

The internet is becoming the vector for information. Every body can have this technology and share any kind of information without any control. For example many website relate supernatural event but in fact it is easy to change a picture for try to let you know an UFO is in the sky.

Disinformation can change real event or transform the reality. I have seen recently a film named “zeitgeist” available on the net. It is really scaring because it shows another reality for the 11 September but I think we can’t conclude anything since there is so many information and each one should be more detailed.

It would appear then that we should really care about disinformation and the idea of Tim BernersLee to labelling website is a good plan.

Bonsoir Doudou,

Merci infiniment, c'est vraiment très gentil de votre part. J'espère que vous parviendrez à me comprendre. Merci encore, Alexandre.

Bonjour Doudou,

Encore merci infiniment pour tout le temps que tu as passé et pour la rapidité avec laquelle tu as pourtant corrigé mon devoir. J'ai 29 ans et j'ai repris des études à distance, je prépare en ce moment une licence d'informatique. C'est très gentil d'avoir corrigé mon devoir car j'ai quelques lacunes en anglais comme tu peux le constater, que je dois combler. Et toi, que fais-tu dans la vie? C'est rare de rencontrer quelqu'un qui donne de son temps pour aider les gens. Es-tu Américain? Encore mille fois merci.

bonjour Doudou,

J'espère que je ne vais pas trop te déranger mais j'ai fini un autre très long devoir et je constate que ton aide m'est très précieuse. Si tu as du temps, j'aimerais que tu regardes et me corriges.

1. Define:

1. Browser flaws
Some lack of security dueto a case not predicted during the writing software and exploit by the hackers for execute code and allowing them to do something with your computer.

2. Patches
Some piece of code which improve software. Updates are patches.

3. plug-ins
Additional program which give you extend functionality at software.


4. Security updates
Patches which correct a problem of security discover after software are
launch on the market.

3. What is meant by 'insecurity iceberg'?
A little part of insecurity problem is known by users. Many problems come from many other additional programs and also hardware installation and it’s just hide and unknown by them.

4. What are the potential dangers of this?
Criminal can used these holes of security for execute malicious code. They can take some privacy information (like password, credit card number etc), erase your data and so on. It can down all a network and an economy. Some experts say the next war will be numeric. Your computer can become a vector for spread a malicious code.


5. The study points out differences between ie users and Mozilla users. Explain. What do you think accounts for these differences?
Mozilla enable to update web browser by a simple click user. With ie you must do it with the operating system update tools. The result is that Mozilla is more often update far ahead ie.These differences can be explain because Mozilla is an open source web browser so every body can report a lack of security and every body can provide help for correct it. This simple way of simple click helps also users not do many complicate procedures for update web browser. Every body just wants use their web browser for do what it need to do. So this way is simple and fast.

6. Finally, describe the steps you take to maintain security.
If we take Microsoft product, I enable auto – update of operating system. I install antivirus software. I install only add-ons I need. If I use Mozilla I use the auto install update. We can also use a firewall for open only socket you need for surfing. So many problems come from here. Microsoft let open all sockets of the computer by default. A socket is something need by software for exchange data with distant software. If I am in Linux environment I also let auto update the system. I don’t use any antivirus as if the risk can be here. But
in general we can say Linux environment are safer than Microsoft
universe. The policy of Linux is close all and open if you need in opposite of Microsoft policy. Many attacks are also aim Microsoft because it’s a widespread system. You can also improve security with hardware. You need to use WPA key if you use Wi-Fi and allow only Mac address of the computers you have at home.

1. Who uses CCTV and why?
The UK uses it. They use it for fight criminal. It also uses for maintain peace with hooligans. They are also use for traffic flow. However there are several plans for non criminal systems.These systems will catch entire drivers plates and drivers and then it will be possible to fellow someone every where he goes.

2. Advocates claim that FaceIt is effective. Explain.
The crime has been lowered in the area where it has been used. These CCTV cameras with face it recognition catch people and if one is on a black list the system spots him and alerting someone who can control this person. They use it with success against hooligans and in the borough of Newham since 1998 in the city of London.

3. Explain the difference between criminal and noncriminal systems.

The criminal systems are used for reduce crime and help people to be safe. The non criminal system uses the same system but divert for other aim. With this system someone can fellow you everywhere you go and know every thing you are doing at anytime. It’s kind of Big Brother system.

4. This is a privacy issue. Agree or disagree briefly.
I agree to say is a privacy issue. We know that this kind of system will not stay only for crime. Every technology is used for economy vision.
Later with this kind of system we could analyse what you do and whatyou like to do for let you buy some products. We ever see this with internet and advertising target. The problem of security is just an excuse. We can fight this with many other ways.

5.First read the text. Then discuss the issues involved. Do you think we should encourage the spread of surveillance technology to combat crime or would you set limits? If so, what, in your opinion, should these be?

I agree for a very limit use of this kind of system can help to combat the crime if the system is correctly use with strict procedures. In public place it’s good candidate for help to combat crime like subway station or airport. Face recognition system can prevent terrorist attack but we must be really carefully with this. Every body knows if we open this door it can let everybody to be followed.Recently, the French president has encouraged the creation of a file EDVIGE. This file allowed at the police to get information about privacy in particularly about religion, politic thinking, health and so many others information about someone. We can see all issues. Tomorrow with a name you will know every thing about privacy of someone. We just need to remember the last war in Europe for understand how you could use this file in the future.I don’t think these technologies depend on which kind of government use it. Of course we can have some fear about police state regime because in the past they prove they can use this technology for repression. But in democracy system, we can see everything is turn for economy. In globalization, these tools could be an unprecedented way to snoop every body to know what you buy and what you want. We are now facing between the deal of privacy freedom and the profit.I think we should not let encourage the spread of surveillance technology. Every body remembers the famous book 1984 of George Orwell. In this book they explain how system cameras survey you. We remember this famous quote: “Big Brother is watching you.” today we let the public accept these technologies. First we start in public place and try to show how it is efficient and when people will be convince of this they will accept again and again to extend and in this case there is not limit. Often time we say science fiction is just a vision of future.

1. translate / transform the following sentences.
Je te verrai lundi.
I will see you on Monday.

La semaine prochaine, nous commencerons mardi.
Next week, we will begin on Tuesday

Mon avion décolle à midi. Le repas de midi sera servi à bord une heure plus tard.
My plane takes off at noon. The lunck will be serve onboard one hour later.

La séance commencera à 19h30, mais le film lui-même commence un quart d'heure après.
Thesession will begin at 19h30, but the film itself begins one quarter
hour later.

Il n'aime pas revoir ses cours le soir. En général il travaille chez lui l'après-midi et ne prend de pause qu'à partir de 5h.
He doesn’t like revise in the evening. Usually he works athome in the after noon and doesn’t take pause until 5h.

Les jours sont courts en hiver, surtout mois de Décembre.
The days are short in winter, especially in the month of december.

Ce livre fut publié en 2001.
This book has been published in 2001.

J'aime surtout les fleurs en hiver. .
I especially like the flowers in winter.

She left yesterday and has not returned.:
She has left and has not returned since yesterday.

I will spend two weeks in Paris. (for)
I will spend in Paris for two weeks

The film appeared in August and ended in October. (from-to)
The film appeared from August and ended to October.

The festive decorations went up in fall and ended in early spring. (from-until)
The festive decoration went up from fall and ended until early spring.

When do you
watch TV?(early /evening –
weekends – late night)
Do you watch tv early in evening.
Do you watch tv during the weekends
Do you watch tv late at night

The project must be completed in less than a year.
(within – under – no longer)
The project must be completed within a year.
The project must be completed under a year
The project must not be longer than a year

Il y a une guepe dans la pièce (wasp)
There is a wasp in the room.

Mettez le cadeau dans la boite. (present)
Put the present inside the box.

Vos clés se trouvent sur la table de la cuisine.
Your keys are on the table in the kitchen.

Et si on se donnait rendez-vous au coin de la rue?
Andif we give us an appointement at the corner of the street?

Accrochez-moi ce tableau au-dessus du grand lit, je vous prie. (Hang)
Hang me this painting above the bed please.

L'enfant se cacha sous sa couette bien chaude. (quilt)
The child hid under the well warm quilt.

Il faisait chaud et nous détendions à l'ombre d'un platane. (plane tree)
It was hot and we relaxed under the shadow of plane tree.

La vallée se situe en-dessous du niveau de la mer. (sea level)
The valley is under the sea level.

Parmi les papiers qui gisait ça et là sur le bureau de Monsieur le Proviseur il y avait un stylo Mont Blanc!
Among the papers everywhere on the desk of the Headmaster there was a Mont Blanc pen!

Tout près de ma maison, il y a une boutique de chocolat belge.
Near my house, there is a Belge chocolat shop.

La salle de bain se situe en face de la chambre de Mademoiselle Smith.
The bathroom is located in opposite of the Miss Smith bedroom’s.

Naomi Klein is well known for her work on the down side of globalisation, that is to say... explain.
That is say providing cheap good and massive profit for few but low pay
job and poverty for the rest. Globalization society is base on shareholder and for get a massive profit they try to low cost in every range of the production. Low cost is obtained with low pay jobs.

The information revolution refers to what? “that is to say...”
That is to say the tools widespread down border and empowered people like international mobile phones.

These have 'flipped', becoming 'tools of ________________
These have flipped, becoming tools of mass eland.

Ms Klein is worried that these tools could be misused to shore up particular type of regime.
She is worried that some police state regime like china uses this kind of tools.

Fillin the missing words. «...through an unholy alliance between.............. and .......................... chasing profit. »
«...through an unholy alliance between Chinese authority and
central control and private firm company chasing profit.
»

What are the hi-tech tools she talks about (four are listed here)
CCTV Camera
Biometric identification card
The internet
Cell phone text messaging

How are they used throughout the world as “powerful tools” by theordinary citizen?
They used throughout the world as powerful tools for organizing for pro -democracy movement for union.

The internet can be used as a powerful _____________ tool to see.......
The internet can be used as a powerful monitoring tool to see where
people are surfing. What kind of information you are getting.

What is going on in China? They are emulating... (two things)
They are emulating the US form on terror as well as London fixations with CCTV cameras.

Shecites the example of Shen Jen, where they are applying these things. Explain.

Shenzhen already has 2 000 000 CCTV cameras networking together with the integration biometric technology into them like face recognition
software. The issuing hi-tech ID cards that have biometric identification in them and so on. Shenzhen are recording every body and control them. All these technologies can be used to observe every body.

Why is this cause for concern?
It scares because that is not a democracy.

Why is this alarming?
Because we have heard story about company like yahoo, they turn over
information to the Chinese state and also blogs and journalists and so on.

The Chinese authorities justify these measures in what way?
The Chinese defenses say they are doing what western countries are doing.

This is a post September the eleventh fixation... explain what is referred to here?

This is a post September the eleventh fixation with security. After September eleven many new security process has been established like security in Airport or control of citizens.

Here central thesis or argument is that this event signaled the start ofa new economy based on the “war on terror”: Why doesn't this make sense?
It doesn’t make a sense as a war because you can’t fight a war against evil every where forever. You will loose. You cannot end.

[b]This economy is similar to the “dotcom” economy in the ..........(decade) ; “it makes a lot of sense”: what does it give investors?
This economy is similar to the “dotcom” economy in the 90 (decade). This economy doesn’t end. All investors won. It’s a guarantee that this market won’t disappear and will keep growing.

Thiseconomy is looking for new ...................................... like .......................................
This economy is looking for new market like China.

A huge amount of money has been spent in the name of................... ; how much has been spent, says Ms Klein?
A huge amount of money has been spent in the name of Olympic security. They spend 20 billions dollars in the name of security.

Human rights campaigners have been saying : 'let's get real'. Explain what is meant here..
All of these high tech toys are stayed here after the Olympic game and will be directed at the Chinese citizens. It means that these security toys have not been removed after Olympic game and now they are used for controlling Chinese people.

What is the counter-argument stated here in defense of these technologies sold to China?
[The US companies say that is a part of world wide market and it's for security to help to catch criminal

There was a debate following the Tien an Men massacre. Explain.
After Tien an man massacre a huge debate has been launch about to know if the US should sell technology tool at China because China could use for repression.

Congress reacted by passing what law?
A sanction law past that prohibited to sell any police security or weapon tools to the Chinese state.

The legislation is dated, she says. Explain the reason for this.
Because many new technologies was not here when the law is past. Many are not on the list prohibited.

She cites as an example of this what technology?
She cites example of fingerprinting technology that is allowed to be sold at China.

What list does she refer to? What technology is not on the list and why?
She refers to the list of prohibited technology to be sold at china. She says in 1990 the face recognition software was science fiction and explains why at this time it was not on the list

Companies are also doing what they can to........ (complete)
Companies are also doing what they can to keep out of this with the lobbying.

Write a resumé of this section, focusing on the argument in favour of implementing these technologies and those against, in which Ms Klein is a leading figure.
One side says the use of this technology depend on who are using it. The history of democracy proves the risk is not same as police state like China which showed in the past how it can be misused. The main argument is these tools are efficient for fight the crime. People don’t really notice the change with the cameras. They are hid for them. People never success to snoop us they say. Other side says this technology give incredible power of surveillance about people in only one decade. These technologies give the power to snoop on us. London has half a million of Cameras and is the city the most watch in the world. Shenzhen has 2 millions cameras and take the way of London. They say these technologies have not impact at all on the crime like robbery.

Compare London, which is described in detail here, with Paris. You may wish to find information on various sites. If you do, state which sites you visited and what you learned.
Compare to London Paris is not again at this state. But there is ever 9500 CCTV cameras which operate in metro but only 330 cameras are used by the police to survey outside public area. A new plan want extend at 60 000 CCTV cameras in public place for 2010. In 2008 we could ever count 340 000 camera in the capital. This year, the French president had decided to fellow the example of London. He said he was impressed by the efficient of British police and the support provided by camera network. There is not contradiction between individual freedom and the security he said. Place de la Republique and Champs – Elyssé are the place where you can ever find many of these cameras. The same year a new plan was in direction of Gare du nord, a place where several gang battle. Champ the mars with Eiffel tower is a candidate place for cameras because it’s a crow place and many accident happen here. For the same reason the 18^th arrondissement is also candidate because there is the Sacré Coeur. In same way in the 19^th arrondissement had seen a plan for cameras after a youth Jewish has
been killed. The problems were the old camera had low resolution. This new system could be use in front of law. The French police also hoped to have a mini spy in sky drone.